qmail源代码分析之qmail-smtpd.c

void setup()
{
char *x;
unsigned long u;

if (control_init() == -1) die_control(); //control/me
//读入欢迎信息greeting，如果不存在则从me文件复制
if (control_rldef(&greeting,"control/smtpgreeting",1,(char *) 0) != 1)
die_control();
//读入localiphost,如果文件不存在则从me文件复制
liphostok = control_rldef(&liphost,"control/localiphost",1,(char *) 0);
if (liphostok == -1) die_control();

//读control/timeoutsmtpd存入timeout,用于控制超时的情况.
if (control_readint(&timeout,"control/timeoutsmtpd") == -1) die_control();
if (timeout <= 0) timeout = 1;

if (rcpthosts_init() == -1) die_control();

//读入badmailfrom文件存入 bmf
bmfok = control_readfile(&bmf,"control/badmailfrom",0);
if (bmfok == -1) die_control();
if (bmfok)
if (!constmap_init(&mapbmf,bmf.s,bmf.len,0)) die_nomem();

//读入databytes文件存入 databytes,如果该文件不存在，则将
//databytes的值设为0.

if (control_readint(&databytes,"control/databytes") == -1) die_control();
x = env_get("DATABYTES");
if (x) { scan_ulong(x,&u); databytes = u; }
if (!(databytes + 1)) --databytes;

//取tcp-environ环境变量，如果环境变量没有设置,将它的值设置为unknow.
//这些信息来自tcpserver,或tcp-env之类的程式
remoteip = env_get("TCPREMOTEIP");
if (!remoteip) remoteip = "unknown";
local = env_get("TCPLOCALHOST");
if (!local) local = env_get("TCPLOCALIP");
if (!local) local = "unknown";
remotehost = env_get("TCPREMOTEHOST");
if (!remotehost) remotehost = "unknown";
remoteinfo = env_get("TCPREMOTEINFO");

//从环境变量RELAYCLIENT读入.
//如果RELAYCLIENT变量没有设置那么relayclient将会是NULL.
relayclient = env_get("RELAYCLIENT");
dohelo(remotehost);
}


stralloc addr = {0}; /* will be 0-terminated, if addrparse returns 1 */


//对命令参数arg进行邮件地址分析
//并将分离出的email地址存入全局缓存addr
//成功返回值为1,失败返回0
int addrparse(arg)
char *arg;
{
int i;
char ch;
char terminator;
struct ip_address ip;
int flagesc;
int flagquoted;

//分离出邮件地址
//例如: arg="<email@eg.org>",或 arg=": email@eg.org "
//执行下面这段程式后arg="email@eg.org"
terminator = '>';
i = str_chr(arg,'<');
if (arg[i])
arg += i + 1;
else { /* partner should go read rfc 821 */
terminator = ' ';
arg += str_chr(arg,':');
if (*arg == ':') ++arg;
while (*arg == ' ') ++arg;
}

/* strip source route */
if (*arg == '@') while (*arg) if (*arg++ == ':') break;

if (!stralloc_copys(&addr,"")) die_nomem();
flagesc = 0;
flagquoted = 0;
for (i = 0;ch = arg[i];++i) { /* copy arg to addr, stripping quotes */
if (flagesc) {
if (!stralloc_append(&addr,&ch)) die_nomem();
flagesc = 0;
}
else {
if (!flagquoted && (ch == terminator)) break;
switch(ch) {
case '\\': flagesc = 1; break;
case '"': flagquoted = !flagquoted; break;
default: if (!stralloc_append(&addr,&ch)) die_nomem();
}
}
}

/* could check for termination failure here, but why bother? */
if (!stralloc_append(&addr,"")) die_nomem();

//将ip地址转换为主机名:
//如 test@[10.0.6.21] 转换为 test@host.mydomain.org
//依据是control/localiphost文件中有host.mydomain.org
if (liphostok) {
i = byte_rchr(addr.s,addr.len,'@');
if (i < addr.len) /* if not, partner should go read rfc 821 */
if (addr.s[i + 1] == '[')//比较是否是用[]括起来的IP地址
if (!addr.s[i + 1 + ip_scanbracket(addr.s + i + 1,&ip)])
if (ipme_is(&ip)) {
addr.len = i + 1;
if (!stralloc_cat(&addr,&liphost)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&addr)) die_nomem();
}
}
if (addr.len > 900) return 0; //地址太长，出错返回
return 1;//成功返回
}
//简单的垃圾邮件检查
//检查全局缓冲区addr中的地址是否有在badmailfrom中定义，
//如果有则返回 1,否则返回 0.
int bmfcheck()
{
int j;
if (!bmfok) return 0;
if (constmap(&mapbmf,addr.s,addr.len - 1)) return 1;
j = byte_rchr(addr.s,addr.len,'@');
if (j < addr.len)
if (constmap(&mapbmf,addr.s + j,addr.len - j - 1)) return 1;
return 0;
}


//检查全局缓存addr中的邮件地址是否要进行转发(依据control/rcpthosts文件)
//可以进行转发返回1
//拒绝转发返回0
int addrallowed()
{
int r;
r = rcpthosts(addr.s,str_len(addr.s));
if (r == -1) die_control();
return r;
}


int seenmail = 0;
int flagbarf; /* defined if seenmail */
stralloc mailfrom = {0};
stralloc rcptto = {0};

void smtp_helo(arg) char *arg;
{
smtp_greet("250 "); out("\r\n");
seenmail = 0; dohelo(arg);
}
void smtp_ehlo(arg) char *arg;
{
smtp_greet("250-"); out("\r\n250-PIPELINING\r\n250 8BITMIME\r\n");
seenmail = 0; dohelo(arg);
}



//重新初始化
//调用helo或ehlo命令都会完成相同的功能
void smtp_rset()
{
seenmail = 0;
out("250 flushed\r\n");
}

//mail命令解释程式. 重要变量: [mailfrom /全局]
//该函数完成检查mailfrom是否在badmailfrom中定义
//设置标志指明mail命令已经执行
void smtp_mail(arg) char *arg;
{
if (!addrparse(arg)) { err_syntax(); return; }
flagbarf = bmfcheck(); //检查是否badmailfrom,如果是设置相应标志，这个标志在rcpt命令的处理程式中才起作用
seenmail = 1;//指示已经执行过mail命令.


if (!stralloc_copys(&rcptto,"")) die_nomem();//分配rcptto缓冲区
if (!stralloc_copys(&mailfrom,addr.s)) die_nomem();//复制mail命令中指定的地址到mailfrom
if (!stralloc_0(&mailfrom)) die_nomem();
out("250 ok\r\n");
}

//rcpt命令解释程式. 重要变量: [ rcptto /全局]
void smtp_rcpt(arg) char *arg; {
if (!seenmail) { err_wantmail(); return; }//mail命令是否已执行?
if (!addrparse(arg)) { err_syntax(); return; }//分离邮件地址参数存入全局缓存addr
if (flagbarf) { err_bmf(); return; }//如果mail命令中的地址在control/badmailfrom中有定义,返回


//至此addr缓存中包含了rcpt命令指定的email地址.
//如果rcpt <email@eg.org>命令，则有addr="email@eg.org".这个变量是在addrparse函数中符值的
//如果 RELAYCLIENT 环境变量设置将不进行rcpthosts,morercpthosts.cdb的比较
//注意,打过smtp认证补丁，如果通过认证后会设置relayclient=""
if (relayclient) {
--addr.len;
if (!stralloc_cats(&addr,relayclient)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&addr)) die_nomem();
}
else//如果没有指定RELAYCLIENT变量，则由control/rcpthosts决定是否进行转发
if (!addrallowed()) { err_nogateway(); return; }
//生成头连接到全局缓存rcptto:
//例如地址'rcpt test@eg.org' 命令将产生 rcptto="Temail@eg.org<NULL>"
//多次执行rcpt命令效果会是rcptto="Ttest@eg.org<NULL>Ttwo@eg.org<NULL>"
if (!stralloc_cats(&rcptto,"T")) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_cats(&rcptto,addr.s)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&rcptto)) die_nomem();
out("250 ok\r\n");
}


//saferead,从网络读len个字节到buf缓冲区
//返回实际读到的字节数.
//超时值为control/timeoutsmtpd文件中指定的值。见setup()函数.(默认值1200秒)
int saferead(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;
{
int r;
flush();
r = timeoutread(timeout,fd,buf,len);
if (r == -1) if (errno == error_timeout) die_alarm();
if (r <= 0) die_read();
return r;
}

char ssinbuf[1024];
substdio ssin = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(saferead,0,ssinbuf,sizeof ssinbuf);

struct qmail qqt;
unsigned int bytestooverflow = 0;

void put(ch)
char *ch;
{
if (bytestooverflow)
if (!--bytestooverflow)
qmail_fail(&qqt);
qmail_put(&qqt,ch,1);
}

void blast(hops)
int *hops;
{
char ch;
int state;
int flaginheader;
int pos; /* number of bytes since most recent \n, if fih */
int flagmaybex; /* 1 if this line might match RECEIVED, if fih */
int flagmaybey; /* 1 if this line might match \r\n, if fih */
int flagmaybez; /* 1 if this line might match DELIVERED, if fih */

state = 1;
*hops = 0;
flaginheader = 1;
pos = 0; flagmaybex = flagmaybey = flagmaybez = 1;
for (; {
substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1);//从标准输入(也就是网络)读邮件内容直到读到仅有一个点的行.
if (flaginheader) {
if (pos < 9) {
if (ch != "delivered"[pos]) if (ch != "DELIVERED"[pos]) flagmaybez = 0;
if (flagmaybez) if (pos == 8) ++*hops;
if (pos < 8)
if (ch != "received"[pos]) if (ch != "RECEIVED"[pos]) flagmaybex = 0;
if (flagmaybex) if (pos == 7) ++*hops;
if (pos < 2) if (ch != "\r\n"[pos]) flagmaybey = 0;
if (flagmaybey) if (pos == 1) flaginheader = 0;
}
++pos;
if (ch == '\n') { pos = 0; flagmaybex = flagmaybey = flagmaybez = 1; }
}
switch(state) {
case 0:
if (ch == '\n') straynewline();
if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }
break;
case 1: /* \r\n */
if (ch == '\n') straynewline();
if (ch == '.') { state = 2; continue; }
if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }
state = 0;
break;
case 2: /* \r\n + . */
if (ch == '\n') straynewline();
if (ch == '\r') { state = 3; continue; }
state = 0;
break;
case 3: /* \r\n + .\r */
if (ch == '\n') return;
put(".");
put("\r");
if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }
state = 0;
break;
case 4: /* + \r */
if (ch == '\n') { state = 1; break; }
if (ch != '\r') { put("\r"); state = 0; }
}
put(&ch);
}
}

char accept_buf[FMT_ULONG];
void acceptmessage(qp) unsigned long qp;
{
datetime_sec when;
when = now();
out("250 ok ");
accept_buf[fmt_ulong(accept_buf,(unsigned long) when)] = 0;
out(accept_buf);
out(" qp ");
accept_buf[fmt_ulong(accept_buf,qp)] = 0;
out(accept_buf);
out("\r\n");
}

//data 命令解释程式
//完成向qmail-queue投递邮件
void smtp_data() {
int hops;
unsigned long qp;
char *qqx;

if (!seenmail) { err_wantmail(); return; } //如果没有执行过mail命令，出错返回
if (!rcptto.len) { err_wantrcpt(); return; } //如果没有执行rcpt命令，出错返回
seenmail = 0; //将mail命令标志失效,
//databytes 邮件最大长度，如果没有指定那么它的值将是0
if (databytes) bytestooverflow = databytes + 1;
if (qmail_open(&qqt) == -1) { err_qqt(); return; }//建立子进程执行qmail-queue
qp = qmail_qp(&qqt); //qp 为qmail-queue process缩写，it's a process id.
out("354 go ahead\r\n");

//向新建立的进程传送邮件头
received(&qqt,"SMTP",local,remoteip,remotehost,remoteinfo,fakehelo);
blast(&hops);
hops = (hops >= MAXHOPS);
if (hops) qmail_fail(&qqt);
//向qmail-queue传送邮件头信息.
//如果hong@hg.org 向 lyx@hg.org发送邮件，那么向qmail-queue传送的字符串将是
// Fhong@hg.org<NULL>Tlyx@hg.org<NULL>
qmail_from(&qqt,mailfrom.s);
qmail_put(&qqt,rcptto.s,rcptto.len);

qqx = qmail_close(&qqt);
if (!*qqx) { acceptmessage(qp); return; }//如果接收成功
if (hops) { out("554 too many hops, this message is looping (#5.4.6)\r\n"); return; }
if (databytes) if (!bytestooverflow) { out("552 sorry, that message size exceeds my databytes limit (#5.3.4)\r\n"); return; }
if (*qqx == 'D') out("554 "); else out("451 ");

out(qqx + 1);
out("\r\n");
}


//smtp命令处理函数表
struct commands smtpcommands[] = {
{ "rcpt", smtp_rcpt, 0 }
, { "mail", smtp_mail, 0 }
, { "data", smtp_data, flush } //建立子进程执行qamil-queue，并向其传送邮件.
, { "quit", smtp_quit, flush }
, { "helo", smtp_helo, flush }
, { "ehlo", smtp_ehlo, flush }
, { "rset", smtp_rset, 0 }
, { "help", smtp_help, flush }
, { "noop", err_noop, flush } //实际上未实现的命令
, { "vrfy", err_vrfy, flush } //实际上未实现的命令
, { 0, err_unimpl, flush } //命令错误
} ;



/*
qmail-smtpd 是由tcpserver,或tcp-env之类的程式启动
tcpserver,tcp-env将来自网络的连接重定向到qmail-smtpd的标准输入及标准输出.这些程式建立一些环境变量(如TCPREMOTEHOST,TCPREMOTEIP)将由setup()函数使用
*/
void main()
{
sig_pipeignore();//忽略信号.
if (chdir(auto_qmail) == -1) die_control();//改变当前目录到 /var/qmail.
setup();//读控制文件及相应的环境变量.
if (ipme_init() != 1) die_ipme(); //取本地接口的IP地址:
smtp_greet("220 "); //显示欢迎信息.
out(" ESMTP\r\n");
//从标准输入(网络连接)读入smtp命令.
if (commands(&ssin,&smtpcommands) == 0) die_read();
die_nomem();
}